HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTIONS: ALIGNING, ADAPTING, BEING AN AGENT
LOGIC, METHODOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/fd2024.04.130Keywords:
agency, (inter)actions, agent, machine, aligning, adapting, artificial intelligenceAbstract
In the paper, the touchstone points of the project “Towards an agency-based philosophy of (advanced) technology” are outlined. The main plot of this elaboration concerns human-machine interactions and appropriate interpretation of reciprocal aligning, adapting within involved into such interactions agents; as well as the status as such of being an agent. Into the theoretical and historical background of the project such spheres as Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Technology, Philosophy of Engineering and Design Technological Actions, STS (Science and Technology Studies), Applied Ethics etc. could be invited. To treat agency as technology, reestablish the role of agency in technology is the most ambitious goal of the project: ‘activity as technology’ focuses on activities through technologies. The terms «agency» and «activity» are used in this paper synonymously with the basic Aristotelian meaning of agent’s potential capacity to act. The proposed by the author theory of action and agency (and correspondently defended in 2016 dissertation of Doctor of Philosophical Science) is to be applied into philosophical reflections about various problems of dealing with currently continually appearing flourishing fields of artificial intelligence, machine learning (including deep learning methods and simulation methods), inventing computers and codes, numerically controlled machines and robots, computer-chip equipped devices, smart objects etc.
The described in the article proposed research project on human-machine interaction can get the empirical materials from collaboration with at least the following “labs” at RWTH Aachen University: the Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics (https://www.iaw.rwth-aachen.de/cms/~ieplw/IAW/lidx/1/); the Center for Construction Robotics (https://construction-robotics.de/en/); the Chair Individual and Technology (https://www.itec.rwth-aachen.de/cms/~sjbp/ITEC/?lidx=1).
References
Austin, J.L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge, MA: Clarendon Press.
Bachelard, G. (1985). The New Scientific Spirit (originally published in 1935, transl. by A. Goldhammer). Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Barandiaran, X.E., Di Paolo, E., Rohde, M. (2009). Defining Agency: Individuality, Normativity, Asymmetry, and Spatio-Temporality in Action. Adaptive Behavior, 17(5), 367-386.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1059712309343819
Bostrom, N. (2013). Superintelligence. Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bratman, M.E. (1992). Shared Cooperative Activity. The Philosophical Review, 101, 327-341.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2185537
Bratman, M.E. (2007). Structures of Agency: Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187717.001.0001
Brooks, R. (1990). Elephants don't play chess. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 6(1-2), 3-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8890(05)80025-9
Capurro, R, & Nagenborg, M. (Eds.). (2009). Ethics and Robotics. Heidelberg: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft.
Cavell, S. (1976). Knowing and acknowleding. In: Must We Mean What We Say? A Book of Essays (ed. by S. Cavell) (pp. 220-245). Cambridge: Cambridge Rafael University Press.
Cavell, S. (1988). The Uncanniness of the Ordinary. In: In Quest of the Ordinary (ed. by S. Cavell) (pp. 153-180). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226417288.001.0001
Dessauer, F. (1927). Philosophie der Technik. Das Problem der Realisierung. Bonn: Cohen.
Dessauer, F. (1972). Philosophy in Its Proper Sphere (partial translation of Philosophie der Technik). In: Philosophy and Technology (ed. by C. Mitcham. R. Mackey) (pp. 317-334). New York: Free Press.
Davidson, D. (1963). Actions, Reasons, and Causes. The Journal of Philosophy, LX, 685-700.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2023177
Dennett, D. (1971). Intentional systems. Journal of Philosophy, 68, 87-106.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2025382
Dennett, D. (1984). The Intentional Stance. Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/MIT Press.
Dias, P. (2019). Philosophy for Engineering: Practice, Context, Ethics, Models, Failure. Singapore: Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1271-1
Dignum, V., Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C. et al. (2018). Ethics by Design: necessity or curse? In: AIES'18: Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (pp. 60-66). S.l.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278745
Ellul, J. (1964). The technological society (originally published in 1954). New York: Knopf.
EU. (2013). Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), Science and Technology. Special Eurobarometer 401. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from: https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/s1096_79_2_401?locale=en
EU High-Level Expert Group on AI. (2019). Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=60419
Floridi, L. (2013). The ethics of information. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Floridi, L. & Jack, W.S. (2002). Computer Ethics: Mapping the Foundationalist Debate. Ethics and Information Technology, 4(1), 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3848437
Frankfurt, H. (1971). Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person. Journal of Philosophy, 68(1), 5-20.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2024717
Frankfurt, H. (1978). The Problem of Action. American Philosophical Quarterly, 15(2), 157-162.
Gallagher, S. (2005). How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/0199271941.001.0001
Gallagher, S. (2008). Inference or Interaction: Social Cognition without Precursors. Philosophical Explorations, 11(3), 163-74.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13869790802239227
Gallagher, S. (2020). Action and Interaction. Oxford: University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846345.001.0001
Goldman, A.I. (1970). A Theory of Human Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Gramelsberger, G. (2023). Philosophie des Digitalen zur Einführung. Hamburg: Junius.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839474976-010
Heidegger, M. (1993). The Question Concerning Technology, (originally published in 1953). In: Basic Writings: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded (ed. by D.F. Krell) (pp. 307-342). New York: Harper Collins.
Hornsby, J. (1980). Actions. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hornsby, J. (2004). Agency and Actions. In: Agency and Action (ed. by J. Hyman, H. Steward) (pp. 1-23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550843.002
Hornsby, J. (2010). Trying to Act. In: A Companion to the Philosophy of Action (ed. by T. O'Connor, C. Sandis) (pp. 18-25). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444323528.ch3
Hornsby, J. (2012). Actions and Activity. Philosophical Issues, 22(1), 233-245.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-6077.2012.00227.x
IEEE. (2021). 7000-2021 - IEEE Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design (INSPEC Accession Number: 21566827). Piscataway Township, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2021.9536679
Kaminski, A. (2020). Gründe geben. Maschinelles Lernen als Problem der Moralfähigkeit von Entscheidungen. In: Ethische Herausforderungen von Big-Data (ed. by K. Wiegerling, M. Nerurkar, C. Wadephul) (pp. 151-174). Bielefeld: Transcript.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27149-7_6
Kapp, E. (2018). Elements of a Philosophy of Technology: On the Evolutionary History of Culture (originally published in 1877). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctv7n0cpf
Karafyllis, N.C. (2007). Growth of Biofacts: the real thing or metaphor? In: Tensions and Convergences. Technological and Aesthetic (Trans)Formations of Society (ed. by R. Heil, A. Kaminski, M. Stippack et al.) (pp. 141-152). Bielefeld.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839405185-011
Kasprowicz, D. (2019). Der Körper auf Tauchstation. Zu einer Wissensgeschichte der Immersion. Baden Baden: Nomos.
https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845298689
Laktionova, A. (2015). Collective and Individual Actions. [In Ukrainian]. Filosofiya Osvity / Philosophy of Education, 17(2), 108-118. Retrieved from: https://philosopheducation.com/index.php/philed/article/view/508
Laktionova, A. (2016). Philosophy of Action. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.
Laktionova, A. (2016a). Meta-Ontological Discourse on Being and Activity. [In Ukrainian]. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Political science, 120, 28-31.
Laktionova, A. (2016b). Contemporary Philosophy of Action (Practical Philosophy) in Analytic Tradition. [In Ukrainian]. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Philosophy, 1(23), 49-54.
Laktionova, A. (2020). Wittgenstein's method and contemporary studies of the history of analytical philosophy. (Book review of Oskari Kuusela, Wittgenstein on Logic as the Method of Philosophy: Re-examining the Roots and Development of Analytic Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 2019). Sententiae, 39(1), 176-184.
https://doi.org/10.31649/sent39.01.176
Laktionova, A. (2022). Performativity of Actions: Possible Mappings with Jennifer Hornsby's Views on Acting, Actions, Activity and Agency. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Philosophy, 1(6), 40-43. https://doi.org/10.17721/2523-4064.2022/6-7/13
Laktionova, A. (2023). Philosophy of Engineering and Design (Technological) Actions. Philosophical Thought, 1, 148-161. https://doi.org/10.15407/fd2023.01.148
Laktionova, A. (2023a). Thematic "Infrastructure" of Philosophy of Engineering. In: The Days of Science of the Faculty of Philosophy - 2023 (ed. by A. Konverskyi) (pp. 109-112). Kyiv: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.
Laktionova, A. (2024). Common Agency and Actions. In: International Scientific Conference "The Days of Science of the Faculty of Philosophy - 2024". [Abstracts] (ed. board: A. Konverskyi et al.) (pp. 92-95). Kyiv: Kyiv University.
Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199256044.001.0001
Law, J. (1992). Notes on the theory of the actor-network: Ordering, strategy, and heterogeneity. Systems Practice, 5(4), 379-393.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01059830
Leonelli, S. (2016). Locating ethics in data science: responsibility and accountability in global and distributed knowledge production systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, A 374, 20160122. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0122.
Misselhorn, C. (2019). Grundfragen der Maschinenethik. Stuttgart: Reclam.
Mitcham, C. (1994). Thinking Through Technology: The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226825397.001.0001
Mitcham, C. (2019). Steps toward a Philosophy of Engineering: Historico-Philosophical and Critical Essays. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield International.
Mori, M., MacDorman, K.F., & Norri Kageki. (2012). The Uncanny Valley. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 19, 98-100.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2012.2192811
Mumford, L. (1967-70). The Myth of the Machine (2 vols.). San Diego, CA: Harcourt.
Nolfi, S. (2022). Progress and challenges in adaptive robotics. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 9, 1020462. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.1020462
Nordmann, A. (2006). Collapse of Distance: Epistemic Strategies of Science and Technoscience. Danish Yearbook of Philosophy, 41, 7-34.
https://doi.org/10.1163/24689300_0410102
Nyholm, S. (2023). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. In: Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (ed. by M. Sellers, S. Kirste) (pp. 1-8). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_1093-1
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6519-1_1093
Pantsar, M. (2023). Developing Artificial Human-Like Arithmetical Intelligence (and Why) (pp. 1-18). In: Minds and Machines. [In print.]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-023-09636-y
Roth, A.S. (2017). Shared Agency. In: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (ed. by E.N. Zalta). Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2017/entries/shared-agency/
Schlosser, M. (2018). Embodied Cognition and Temporally Extended Agency. Synthese, 195(5), 2089-2112.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1320-4
Schlosser, M. (2019). Agency. In: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, (ed. by E.N. Zalta). Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/agency/
Schomberg, R. von. (2013). A Vision of Responsible Research and Innovation. In: Responsible Innovation: Managing the Responsible Emergence of Science and Innovation in Society (ed. by R. Owen, J. Bessant) (pp. 51-74). London: John Wiley.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118551424.ch3
Searl, J. (1990). Collective Intentions and Actions. In: Intentions in Communication (ed. by P. Cohen, J. Morgan, M. Pollack) (pp. 401-415). Cambridge: MIT Press.
https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3839.003.0021
Shapiro, L. (2007). The Embodied Cognition Research Programme. Philosophy Compass, 2(2), 338-346.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2007.00064.x
Shapiro, L. (2013). Dynamics and Cognition. Minds and Machines, 23(3), 353-75.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-012-9290-2
Shapiro, L. (2019). Embodied Cognition. London, New York: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315180380
Wang, S. (2019). Why Adaptive Robots are the Next Big Thing. In: roboticsbusinessreview.com, 29.7.2019. Retrieved from: htps://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/content-from-our-sponsor/why-adaptive-robots-are-the-next-big-thing/
Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical Investigations (ed. by G.E.M. Anscombe, R. Rhees, transl. by G.E.M. Anscombe). Oxford: Blackwell.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
